A fire risk assessment is a systematic process used to identify fire hazards in a building or workplace, evaluate the risks they pose to people, and determine measures to eliminate or reduce those risks.
The key aspects of a fire risk assessment include:
Identifying fire hazards: This involves spotting potential ignition sources (e.g., faulty electrical equipment), combustible or flammable materials (e.g., paper, chemicals), and sources of oxygen (e.g., open windows, ventilation systems).
Identifying people at risk: Considering employees, visitors, contractors, or anyone who might be vulnerable, such as children, the elderly, or individuals with disabilities.
Evaluating, reducing, and removing risks: Assessing the likelihood of a fire starting and its potential impact. Steps should then be taken to mitigate risks, such as installing fire alarms, improving housekeeping, or providing fire extinguishers.
Recording findings: You must document the significant findings, the actions taken, and the people responsible for fire safety.
Creating an emergency plan: A clear plan should outline evacuation procedures, assembly points, and how to notify the fire and rescue services.
Reviewing and updating: Regularly revisiting the assessment to ensure it remains current and effective.
Fire risk assessments are a legal requirement under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (FSO) for most non-domestic premises, such as workplaces, public buildings, and the communal areas of multi-occupied residential buildings. Here are the key legal obligations:
Responsible Person: The duty to carry out a fire risk assessment falls on the “responsible person,” typically the employer, owner, or occupier of the premises.
Conducting the Assessment: The responsible person must:
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Identify fire hazards.
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Determine who might be at risk.
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Evaluate, remove, or reduce risks.
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Record findings and implement fire safety measures.
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Prepare an emergency plan and provide training.
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Written Records: The fire risk assessment must be documented.
Regular Reviews: The assessment must be reviewed and updated regularly, especially after any significant changes to the premises or its use.
Compliance with Additional Regulations: Recent updates, such as the Fire Safety Act 2021 and the Building Safety Act 2022, have clarified and expanded responsibilities. For example, external walls and flat entrance doors in multi-occupied residential buildings must now be included in fire risk assessments.
Failure to comply with these requirements can result in enforcement actions, fines, or even imprisonment.
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